Monitoring kidney function in routine practice requires specific, sensitive, and easily interpreted markers for providing timely clinical insights before the manifestation of renal disease. One of the ...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has great promise for noninvasive biosensing; however, challenges in signal reproducibility and hotspot uniformity limit its quantitative application in ...

This is especially critical for substances like chromium and nitrate, which pose risks to both human and environmental health. In process water applications, such as steam generation, the presence of ...

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...