TL;DR - every external HDD gets "the volume /dev/rdisk[X]s1 [with UUID etc] was found to be corrupt and needs to be repaired" (it doesn't repair it). Even though those disks were fully erased and ...
I spent more than 2 hours googling and trying to solve the following problem without success. Disk utility shows my 1TB SSD as circular diagram with what seems to be 2 partitions: 930GB formatted as ...