The epochal Battle of Jena was fought on Oct. 14, 1806. A massive French army under Napoleon cut off Prussian and Saxon troops from access to the Elbe River and from possible Russian reinforcements.

What it’s about: A man many see as the father of the gay rights movement. Ulrichs was a journalist and lawyer who campaigned for gay rights in 1860s Germany, first under a pseudonym, and then his own ...

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This item is one of the more disturbing objects in Henry Wellcome’s collection. A ‘Scold’s bridle’ is a fearsome looking mask which fits tightly on to the head. A scold was defined as a “rude, ...