Image C is the upper gastrointestinal series of a patient who presented with chest pain, whose manometry showed a pattern of type III achalasia (spastic contractions). This is clinically is similar to ...

An endoscope with a transparent cap enters through a 2 cm mucosal incision into the submucosal “third” space, approximately 5 cm proximal to the lower esophageal sphincter. Four distinct tissue layers ...

The extension of the myotomy onto the gastric wall (clearly the most critical and challenging part of the operation) proved difficult because of poor exposure, with the consequent risk of a short ...

The aim of cardiomyotomy in achalasia patients is to decrease the lower oesophageal sphincter tone [1]. Although this procedure improves dysphagia, it can induce gastroesophageal reflux [2 - 5]. So, ...

Surgical Treatment for Achalasia of the Esophagus: Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy - (http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/708327) Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for the Treatment ...

Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) is a safe and novel endoscopic treatment modality available for achalasia. Since its birth in 2008, more than 3000 procedures have been done in over 50 centers ...

In this disease esophagus muscles do not squeeze and the sphincter muscle does not open, so food cannot pass through valve top on stomach. Achalasia is a disease where the function of the esophagus ...