Electromagnetic integral equations offer a powerful framework for modelling wave propagation and scattering phenomena by recasting Maxwell’s equations into formulations involving integrals over ...

Integral photography is a method to display 3D optical images by reproducing exactly same light rays which are emitted from the objects. In this study, the static convergence and accommodation ...

For the integral equation $\mathrm{u}\left(\mathrm{x}\right)={\int }_{0}^{1}\mathrm{K}(\mathrm{x},\mathrm{y})\times \mathrm{u}\left(\mathrm{y}\right)\mathrm{d}\mathrm ...

Fuzzy Fredholm integral equations represent a class of mathematical problems in which uncertainty is incorporated directly into the model via fuzzy numbers. These equations extend the classical ...