The nutcracker phenomenon results from a rare anatomic abnormality where the left renal vein (LRV) is compressed by the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is defined by ...

Systemic manifestations of gnathostomiasis can affect the skin, brain, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system, while ocular involvement is rare. 5 Intraocular gnathostomiasis, though uncommon, ...

A man in his late 20s presented with a 7 day history of painless right scrotal swelling. Scrotal ultrasound revealed complete tumour infiltration of the right testis and two-thirds infiltration of the ...

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Adrenal incidentalomas, mostly adrenal adenomas, affect 3%–10% of the global population. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare, with an incidence of 0.7–2 cases per million. Adrenocortical oncocytic ...

Bow hunter’s syndrome is a rare syndrome of dynamic compression of the vertebral artery leading to recurrent posterior circulation stroke and/or transient ischaemic attack. The artery is compressed by ...

An immunocompetent man in his 20s presented with a 24-hour history of severe odynophagia, nausea, vomiting and throat pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed severe esophagitis with ulcerated ...

Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare thromboembolic condition largely involving the right ovarian vein. Risk factors include pregnancy/ peripartum period, oestrogen therapy, recent surgery or ...

We report a case of a woman in her early 20s who presented with chronic and refractory oro-oesophageal ulcers and significant weight loss. The common causes of refractory ulcers were ruled out. Biopsy ...

An elderly woman with metastatic breast cancer was admitted with hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) and an elevated haemoglobin A1C. For 1 week, she had experienced confusion, nausea and frequent ...

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