The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), the main investment tool under the Next Generation EU (NGEU) recovery instrument, has a total financial envelope of €650 billion (comprising €359 billion in ...

Security is the basis for the European way of life. While the challenges of achieving and maintaining security have always been present, in recent years the security situation in the EU has become ...

Erasmus+ is the EU programme for education, training, youth and sports for the 2021-2027 period, established by a 2021 regulation of the European Parliament and the Council. It is a successor to the ...

This briefing provides an overview of the main components of the proposed long-term EU budget for the years 2028 to 2034. It also provides an initial comparison with the current budget framework for ...

Graphics warehouse offers charts, maps, graphs and tables used in the EPRS publications. The graphics are categorised by topic for easy browsing.

Written by Giulio Sabbati and Eva-Maria Poptcheva Irregular immigrants are third-country nationals who do not fulfil, or no longer fulfil,… The EU’s legal framework for irregular immigration is ...

Economical and versatile, palm oil has become the world's most widely used vegetable oil. However, its production comes at a heavy environmental cost, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia, the two ...

‘Hybrid threats’ are often invoked in reference to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the ISIL/Da’esh campaign in Iraq. As policy-makers struggle to grasp what hybrid threats mean for national ...

In July 2021, the European Commission adopted its communication on the new EU forest strategy for 2030, pursuing the biodiversity and climate neutrality objectives enshrined in the European Green Deal ...

Radicalisation and extremism are often used interchangeably in political discourse, belying the debate on their definitions that exists in the social sciences. According to one interpretation, ...

Written by Kjeld van Wieringen with Marcos Fernández Álvarez. Critical raw materials are essential to sustain Europe’s economic and environmental ambitions. As geoeconomic aggression and geopolitical ...